Analyze and evaluate one of the following arguments. To what extent is it sound (true premises, valid form)? Are you inclined to accept this argument? In your discussion, use ToK language and concepts, including the following:

language as a way of knowing

perception as a way of knowing

necessary and sufficient conditions

fallacies

syllogisms

deduction

induction

analogy

justified true belief

personal knowledge/ shared knowledge and the zone of exchange

evaluating source, statement, and self

truth checks

the process for claims evaluation I showed you, involving “accept” or “doubt response

measuring your degree of certainty on the probability truth scale if appropriate.

Any country that is not ready to host a world event by the time it begins should be ashamed.

Brazil is not ready to host the World Cup

Therefore, Brazil should be ashamed.

All heroes deserve freedom.

Edward Snowden is a hero.

Therefore Edward Snowden deserves freedom.

If people vote to secede, they should be allowed to.

Crimeans have voted to secede.

Therefore they should be allowed to.

The best film ever made is either Citizen Kane or Grand Illusion

The best film ever made is Citizen Kane

Therefore Grand Illusion is not the best film ever made.

Climate change may cause extreme weather events.

The summer of 2014 was the hottest summer on record in São Paulo.

The winter of 2014 was the coldest ever on record in many parts of the US.

Therefore, climate change is responsible for the trees down in my Sao Paulo neighborhood and the record school closings in the US.

People should take advantage of every experience life offers.

Drinking alcohol is an experience

Maria is a person

Therefore Maria should drink alcohol.

If a country is attacked, its allies have to defend it.

Russia is allied to Serbia, and Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary in 1914.

Therefore Russia had to declare war on Austria-Hungary

If a ruler does not respect the rights of its people, the people should overthrow the ruler

Louis XVI did not respect the rights of the French people

Therefore the people of France were right to overthrown the monarchy of Louis XVI